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But an ailing Mr. dos Santos retired in 2017 and his replacement and long-time rival within the MPLA, Joao Lourenco, pledged “to remake Angola.”

Many of them were among the young and unemployed who feel failed by the MPLA, some of whose members became billionaires from Angola's oil wealth while most live in poverty.

"The citizens are not with the MPLA. We want them out!"

Just over 51% of the electorate voted for the former Marxist MPLA.

Angola's Constitutional Court made a final ruling on Thursday to dismiss a complaint filed by the runner-up in the Aug. 24 election seeking to annul the results that gave victory to the ruling MPLA.