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NADPH, however, doesn't always draw from the same pool of hydrogen.

First of all, in the so-called light-driven reaction, light energy is converted into chemical energy that the plant can use in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH.

However, this only occurs when KEA3 has also bound ATP and NADPH.

When these cells are treated with 11beta compounds, the extra oxidative stress, including the further depletion of NADPH, pushes the cells over the edge.

Using mathematical modelling of cellular metabolism, the authors found that decreases in the production of lysine would result in an attenuated flux of molecules through the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway — the metabolic pathway that is the dominant source of NADPH.