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Along the way, in the 1940s or so, there was the discovery of the first narcotic antagonists, nalorphine or Nalline, which will reverse opioid overdose but not quite as dramatically as naloxone will.

We knew that this drug, nalorphine, could reduce overdoses, but that’s not the way cops were using it.

Law enforcement in California and other states used Nalline, the brand name for nalorphine, to detect whether someone’s pupil size changed.

And if it did, if they injected nalorphine and someone’s pupils changed, they were confirmed as an opiate addict.

The police would indeed administer nalorphine and make sure that people were not using opioids.