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Pope Francis, too, has praised “Humanae Vitae,” saying that Pope Paul “had the courage to side against the majority, defend moral discipline, put a brake on the culture, oppose Neo-Malthusianism, present and future.”

Mrs. Besant is thus seen to have now returned practically to the Neo-Malthusianism of her earlier, pre-theosophic association with the late Charles Bradlaugh.

Soon birth-control advocates found themselves accused of the heinous crime of "neo-Malthusianism," and China's teeming manpower became officially no longer a problem but the nation's greatest asset.

Such super-isolationism, with hints of the old "yellow peril," is one of the ugliest Implications of Neo-Malthusianism.

Neo-Malthusianism is based on the principle that poverty, disease, and premature death can only be eliminated by restricting the increase of the population.