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A typical lithium-ion battery can store some 150 watt-hours of electricity in one kilogram of battery—itself a huge advance over the 45-80 watt-hours of a nickel-cadmium battery, let alone an old-time lead-acid battery’s 30 watt-hours.

That’s the view of MIT professor, Donald Sadoway, who told the Times that a nickel-cadmium battery would have worked just as well without the little self-immolation problem that afflicts lithium-ion batteries.

The source of its cordless energy is a compact, efficient power supply that has excited the inventive brain of U.S. industry: the nickel-cadmium battery.

Powered by a nickel-cadmium battery that never needs replacement, the Gulton lighter uses a glowing filament like a dashboard lighter.

A nickel-cadmium battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy.