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Staff for the Republicans on the Senate committee assembled their report by examining all NSF grants awarded to projects that began between January 2021 and April 2024.

The NSF, an independent government agency, accounts for around one-quarter of federal funding for science and engineering research at American colleges and universities.

The larger assault on universities and the NSF will likely undermine research in every field, from biology to astrophysics.

One tool generated more females than NSF data says is representative, and another created images only of males.

Those efforts to build the largest ever U.S.-led optical telescopes are seeking a record $1.6 billion investment from NSF at a time when the $9 billion agency is strapped for cash.