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Since late 2022, Amazon has laid off 27,000 workers, as the company has slashed costs in an effort to recover from overexpansion during the pandemic.

But as Amazon continues to pull itself out of a year of cost-cutting after a period of overexpansion, it must balance new ideas with government oversight.

Subway had been closing locations in recent years amid a host of problems including outdated decor and operations, overexpansion, and $5 foot-long deals that eroded franchisees' profits.

And both suffer from the overexpansion of secondary characters, a kind of narrative clutter.

More recently, Amazon’s business suffered a decline because of overexpansion.