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There, the scientists observed something unexpected: Two large pallial regions, the medial and dorsoventral pallium, were respectively very similar to the mammals’ hippocampus and amygdala.

The experimental technique relied on the pallial nerve, which lies just inside the cephalopod mantle cavity, transmitting signals from the mantle to the brain and back.

Anglesea was arrested in 2013 as part of the National Crime Agency's Operation Pallial investigation into historical abuse across north Wales.

He was arrested in 2013 as part of the National Crime Agency's Operation Pallial investigation into historical abuse across north Wales.

The study, published online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that 28 bird species have more neurons in their pallial telencephalons, the brain region responsible for higher level learning, than mammals with similar-sized brains.