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In younger forests, where nitrogen tends to be the most limiting nutrient, adding phosphorus did not change phosphatase activity, but adding nitrogen did.

As advertised, the drug is lowering levels of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in their blood, and that should be a sign of healing for their autoimmune disease, called primary biliary cholangitis.

The drug is designed to replace alkaline phosphatase and to improve bone health.

What’s more, the wildflowers’ sticky hairs oozed phosphatase, a digestive enzyme that many carnivorous plants secrete to consume prey.

He also showed that the hairs make the same enzyme, phosphatase, that other carnivorous plants use to extract the nutrient phosphorus from prey.