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For example, they found that when an insulin receptor experiences decreased mobility, it acts less efficiently on IRS1, a molecule to which it usually adds a phosphate group.

Ghosh said the conflict stems from problematic phosphorylation, the attachment of a phosphate group to the G protein molecule.

Nucleotides are composed of three distinctive parts: a sugar molecule, a phosphate group and one of the four nucleobases adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.

A kinase is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group to another molecule, in this case a protein, to regulate important activities in the cell.

The research has revealed how the attack protein is controlled through a process called phosphorylation, a process in which a phosphate group is added to a protein by enzymes called protein kinases.