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To fabricate the new device, the researchers first explored the organic materials destined for the photoactive layer of both cells.

Azo-polymers are photoactive materials, meaning they undergo changes when light is shined on them.

This breakthrough enables the creation of a photoactive layer of QDs for solar cells with high substitution efficiency and controlled defects.

Ultrafast spectroscopic techniques using laser pulses with sub-picosecond time resolution revealed an unusual excited-state reactivity and two different photoactive states: a very short-lived but extremely oxidizing high-energy state and a longer-lived moderately oxidizing lower-energy state.

To build such solar cells, it is necessary that their photoactive layer, which converts light into electricity, shows high electrical performance while possessing mechanical elasticity.