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A sickening smell at the shallow Pipe Clay Lagoon is how Pacific oyster mortality syndrome introduced itself to Steve Calvert.

In Amsterdam, the team found nearly 700,000 human artifacts: 350,000 ceramic fragments, 126,000 bones, 92,000 pieces of metal, including coins, thimbles, and jewelry, 59,000 pieces of leather, 26,000 pieces of pipe clay, 21,000 pieces of glass, and assorted building materials.

Those objects have been catalogued in Below the Surface, a website, book and documentary that allows an extraordinary insight into the lives of those who have lived and visited the city: ceramic, bone, metal and leather, pieces of glass, pipe clay, building materials are all displayed chronologically.

He carried everything that a British army needs—marmalade, polo ponies, Belfast ginger ale, tinned meats, pipe clay, etc.

Generally speaking, kaolin, China clay, ball clay, pipe clay, China stone, felspar, flint, quartz, sand, lime, chalk, and calcined bone are the ingredients of most modern pastes.