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As things got hotter, the eggshells underwent a complete transformation with the calcite shells dissolving and being replaced by polycrystalline kozoite.

This tomography-based approach is universal and can be applied to other polycrystalline materials addressing a wide range of materials science problems.

Despite this, polycrystalline materials are tough to utilize because of their complex structures.

The project’s blueprint includes a smelter to make aluminum for electric vehicles and other factories to produce petrochemicals, batteries for EVs and polycrystalline materials used in solar panels.

The polycrystalline ingots are also more robust, and Kanatzidis expected the boundaries between the individual grains to slow the passage of heat.