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For women with a history of radiation therapy to the chest or preinvasive breast cancer, “chemoprevention is an important option,” Dr. Pace said.

Their study, published by the BMJ, concluded that Scotland's HPV vaccination programme has led to "a dramatic reduction in preinvasive cervical disease".

Preinvasive and invasive ductal pancreatic cancer and its early detection in the mouse.

Intraductal administration of cancer therapeutics would lead to high drug exposure to ductal cells and eliminate preinvasive neoplasms while limiting systemic exposure.