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HIV infects CD4 white blood cells and weaves a DNA copy of its genes—the provirus—into human chromosomes.

Viruses insert their genomes into their hosts in the form of a provirus.

HIV typically splices its provirus into a cell’s genes, which make up only 1% of the human genome.

“Reservoirs” of infected cells that hold latent provirus are a key reason why powerful combinations of ARVs cannot eliminate infections and cure people.

Furthermore, each tissue sample also contained genetic material from at least one provirus that could still produce viral proteins.