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Professor Rachel Isba, who is leading the vaping service at Alder Hey, told a safety and quality assurance committee last year that more data was needed on the number of children addicted to nicotine.

Sam Mohawk is a 51-year-old quality assurance investigator at Boeing's factory in Renton near Seattle, a huge plant where the 737 Max is built.

“We have multiple levels of quality assurance and extensive training of staff,” he said.

Professor Dong Sung Kim of POSTECH, who led the research, explained the significance of the study: "Through these research outcomes, we not only accelerate organoid-based R&D that requires high reproducibility and reliability, but we also expect to make significant contributions to the development of animal alternative testing methods, which are gaining increasing attention. By addressing both the quality assurance and scalable production challenges of organoids with UniMat, we have laid the foundation for the practical application of organoids in clinical and pharmaceutical industries."

The Quality Assurance Agency, which reviews standards at UK universities, says it's a balancing act between maintaining academic integrity, while equipping students with AI skills they can use in the workplace.