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Topological qubits exist within the Majorana zero states and are appealing because they can theoretically offer greater protection against environmental noise that destroys information within a quantum system.

"In the same way that the invention of semiconductors made today's smartphones, computers and electronics possible, topoconductors and the new type of chip they enable offer a path to developing quantum system," Microsoft said.

"I am very excited we successfully imaged quantum scars in a real quantum system," said first and co-corresponding author Zhehao Ge, a UC Santa Cruz graduate student at the time of this study's completion.

"Today, the focus is on the transition from many-body systems to the control and manipulation of single electrons, single photons or, more generally, single degrees of freedom in a quantum system. The simplest and most important quantum system has only two degrees of freedom -- the two-state system. And this is the starting point for teaching quantum physics in schools," says the researcher.

"Tiny differences in mole roughness, too small to see with the human eye but measurable with our proposed quantum system, could differentiate between those conditions," explains Huang.