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As this pellet was heated up by the laser, the metals were released from it into a surrounding H-radical-rich atmosphere, obtained by injecting hydrogen into the reaction chamber through a heated tungsten filament.

The method, detailed in two complementary research articles and presented this week, is based on the behavior of different metals when placed in a chemical reaction chamber where two different liquids flow together continuously.

The two separate and purified solids formed in the reaction chamber in 4 hours, versus the 30 hours typically needed for conventional separation methods.

They first encapsulated the twisted bilayer in graphene, essentially building a little reaction chamber around it, to look at the bilayer at atomic resolution as it was heated.

The method works by introducing chlorine molecules into a reaction chamber with methane gas.