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She had been outraged by the Palmer Raids and the Red Scare following World War I that resulted in mass deportations of radical immigrants.

“This is a sort of cheap Red Scare. Like calling anyone a Communist in the ’50s or a radical in the ’20s.

“The secretary of state takes the astonishing position that if he thinks someone’s dissent is contrary to the foreign policy interests of the United States, he thinks he can arrest, detain, and try to deport somebody. And that’s a maximum level of repression we haven’t seen since the Red Scare.”

The early twentieth-century Red Scare and its later incarnation in the McCarthy period provide other instances in which government officials tried to stop people from saying things or supporting causes of which they disapproved.

On the other hand, many of them subscribed to the progressive politics of the New Deal era, contributing money and prestige to left-wing causes that, a decade later, made them suspect in the eyes of Red Scare vigilantes.