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So the investigation typically starts with rhinoscopy or a CT scan.

Further evidence of its source in the last-named cavities may be gained by finding pus in the superior meatus above the middle turbinal on examination by posterior rhinoscopy.

“With rhinoscopy, we place a pencil-size instrument into the nasal passage to view the nasal cavity. It happens in the office in a few minutes,” Hall said.

The tumour can usually be seen on examination with the nasal speculum or by posterior rhinoscopy, and its size and limits may be recognised by digital examination.

A considerable area of the anterior part of the nasal septum is also visible by anterior rhinoscopy, and between it and the middle turbinal is a narrow chink—the olfactory sulcus.