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The most obvious way that a pair of blood-related parents might increase health risks for a child is through a recessive disorder, like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease.

Asiawu Imam, 26, lives in London, where she works as a nurse looking after people who have sickle cell disorder.

In recent years, for example, a hundred patients suffering from the hereditary disease sickle cell anaemia have been treated with CRISPR-Cas-based therapeutics -- without AZD7648.

In the 1960s in North Carolina, Adams and her family would take her sister Linda, who had sickle cell anemia, to the emergency room because they had no doctor and could not afford health insurance.

Young donors are urged to come forward, especially those with O negative blood type, and more donors of black heritage are also being sought to help treat patients with sickle cell disease.