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The tube extends through the style and into the ovary, allowing sperm cells to reach the egg and central cells in an ovule for fertilization.

Experimenting in mice, researchers coaxed the skin cell's nucleus into reducing its chromosomes by half, so that it could then be fertilized by a sperm cell to create a viable embryo.

By using this method in live animals, they were able to identify a specific gene, Rd3, as being crucial for maintaining sperm cell health, particularly during sperm cell development.

For fertilization to be successful, sperm cells and female gametes must be in the same phase of the cell cycle -- in other words, they need to be "in sync" with each other.

On the question of reproductive rights, Roe describes himself as “adamantly” anti-abortion, believing that human life — meriting full legal rights and protections —begins the moment a sperm cell fertilizes an egg.