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Professionals would probably use a drawknife and spokeshave; a YouTube video, “Spindle Repair on a Chair Back” by Fixing Furniture, shows how.

Then there are the tools: nippers, a steam box, the spokeshave, and all manner of planes, punches and rivets.

Many of the tools Krase uses are carpentry tools - a divider for measuring, a spokeshave for leather.

It would have done the heart of any one, save a churl, good to have seen how willingly those boys worked; axe, or saw, or hammer, plane or spokeshave, nothing came amiss to them.

This study exercises ability in the mastery of elliptical lines, and in the use of the spokeshave in Exercises 30 and 31.