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White enamel is made by the addition of stannic and arsenious acids to the flux.

The cotton is then worked in a solution of tartar emetic or stannic chloride, so that the tannic acid absorbed by the fibre may be fixed upon it as insoluble tannate of antimony or tin.

Double salts of cerous chloride with stannic chloride, mercuric chloride, and platinic chloride are also known.

Iodine, antimony trichloride, molybdenum pentachloride, ferric chloride, ferric oxide, antimony, tin, stannic oxide and ferrous sulphate have all been used as chlorine carriers.

The tin contained in the stannate is deposited on the cotton in the form of stannic oxide, or, more strictly, stannic acid.