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Horizontal lines to the left of each gene ID represent the 2-kb region upstream of the start codon of each gene, with tick marks indicating the positions of motifs putatively recognized by TSARL1. e, Gene models of TSARL1 in bitter and sweet lines.

Horizontal lines to the left of each gene ID represent the 2-kb region upstream of the start codon of each gene, with tick marks indicating the positions of motifs putatively recognized by TSARL1. e, Gene models of TSARL1 in bitter and sweet lines.

This was done to minimize a bias from ribosomes accumulating at or shortly after the start codon, which results from translation initiation events continuing in the face of cycloheximide-inhibited elongation.

Noteworthy examples include: a glycyl-tRNA family, including a new member in POP1, involved in tRNA maturation and probably involved in feedback regulation of ; three intronic families of long hairpins in ion-channel genes known to undergo A-to-I RNA editing and possibly involved in regulation of the editing event; an additional member of a family of 5′ UTR hairpins overlapping the start codon of collagen genes and potential new miRNA genes that extend existing families.

The effect of a start codon mutation, which was observed in three cases, was further studied using a cell line in which the initiating ATG was mutated to TTG.