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The survey showed the subindex gauging employment slipped for the first time since February 2021 as firms didn't replace headcount due to weaker output and order books.

Voluntary resignations in September outpaced filling existing vacancies, leaving the subindex employment figure unchanged from the previous month.

The subindex measuring outstanding businesses swung back above the 50.0 threshold in August helped by the re-acceleration of new orders.

Rising wages also fuelled cost pressures, according to the survey, with the subindex for employment showing the weakest growth in 29 months.

The subindex for future expectations in the euro zone rose 7.3 points to -17.3, which Hussy attributed to easing in the expected rate of deterioration rather than positive sentiment.