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If the laudanum injections fail to restrain the diarrhoea, it will be well to have recourse, in combination with opium, to the subnitrate of bismuth or the acetate of lead.

If the diarrhoea should persist, nitrate or oxide of silver, sulphate of copper, and subnitrate of bismuth in appropriate doses, given with a little opium, will all be found to be useful remedies.

Subnitrate of bismuth may be used in combination with this or as a substitute for it.

It is, indeed, difficult to conceive of any stimulus that calomel could impart to the stomach that would not be equally given by any other non-irritant and insoluble powder—subnitrate of bismuth, for example.

Taken internally the subnitrate, coming into contact with water, tends to decompose, gradually liberating nitric acid, one of the most powerful antiseptics.