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He was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel and shortly afterwards to the same substantive rank.

Under previous legislation, death benefits were calculated on the "substantive rank held at the date of death", unless the individual had been in an acting rank for at least a year.

At sea the name of captain is given to all who command ships whether they belong to the military navy of their country or not, or whether they hold the substantive rank or not.

He reached the substantive rank of major in December 1884, and from that year till 1889 was a major of the 9th Lancers, when he was transferred to the 5th Lancers.

It may be said that every writer of force and originality traverses two phases of opinion before his substantive rank in the great order of merit is definitely fixed: he is either depressed or exalted unduly.