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These results suggest that MAFB-mediated regulation of sympathetic nerve fiber density plays a key role in the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue.

Furthermore, irisin in mammals is known to upregulate thermogenic processes, which is critical for cold resistance.

Supplement makers tout ingredients such as green tea, caffeine, capsaicin, selenium and more, either individually or in, as one company puts it, a “thermogenic fat-burning complex,” as metabolism boosters.

Zeng and colleagues’ study might therefore inform therapeutic strategies to enhance sympathetic innervation, and thereby harness the thermogenic potential of BAT to combat obesity and its metabolic consequences.

They observed that the expression of Clstn3b is also induced in beige fat by exposure to cold; beige fat consists of adipocytes in white fat that can be triggered to become thermogenic by cold and other stimuli4.