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High virus titers — a laboratory test that measures the level of antibodies in a blood sample — were detected in the respiratory organs of several mice.

Viral titers in the lung were measured several days after infection and varied significantly depending on the nature of the microbiome of the different animal groups.

And then, using the data that we got from the challenge study to better refine their pharmacokinetic profile, formulating it to get even higher titers of the drugs in people.

“With Ebola, it’s clearly direct contact with bodily fluids, because there’s high titers of Ebola pretty much everywhere in somebody who’s died from Ebola,” Dr. Rasmussen said.

But with flu vaccines, scientists have decades of experience and a better understanding of how increases in neutralizing antibody titers correlate with improvements in vaccine effectiveness.