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Quite obviously, this strengthened U.P.W.A. in the Canal Zone.

It also raised the question of the influence that U.P.W.A.'s President Abram Flaxer and other Communist-wired leaders exert in the Zone.

Then' the U.P.W.A. saw its chance, and sent organizers among the Canal Zone's 25,000 Panamanian and West Indian employees, most of whom lived in crowded slums across the fence in Panama.

Army officials, alarmed by U.P.W.A.'s growth and embarrassed by the old Jim Crow system, were ready to meet the union's demands, at least half way.

Heartland of U.P.W.A. is Chicago's smoky, sprawling, brawling "back-of-the-yards" district.