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On these lines, they conducted a series of experiments by replacing phenylalanine and valine amino acid residues at specific positions in the structure of Ado, with various other amino acids.

This resulted in the substitution of one amino acid for another: glutamate was switched to valine.

In making hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in our red blood cells, a defect can occur when the amino acid glutamate is replaced by valine.

Instead, the powdered blend is loaded with leucine, isoleucine, valine, glycine, betaine, taurine and creatine monohydrate.

For example, maple syrup urine disease is caused by a build up of three amino acids: leucine, isoleucine and valine.