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Soviet scientists who did not share Lysenko’s “vernalization” theories lost their positions or, like the plant geneticist, Nikolai Vavilov, starved to death in a gulag.

This cold-mediated process, called vernalization, has been studied for many decades, and some of the key underlying molecular mechanisms have been discovered.

The REM subfamily is functionally related to vernalization and flower development18.

Future functional studies will help determine the function of these duplicated genes in quinoa, which, unlike B. vulgaris, does not require vernalization.

You induce bolting by giving the plant an artificial winter, a process called vernalization after the Latin word for spring.