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When mice were engineered to lack the RANK/RANKL system in the intestine, the villous expansion during pregnancy and breastfeeding was significantly impaired.

The 33-mer DGP fits perfectly with HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 and triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation and small intestine villous atrophy.

Comprehensive gene expression profiling of Peyer’s patch M cells, villous M-like cells, and intestinal epithelial cells.

For conventional adenomas, high-grade dysplasia is related to larger adenoma size and a villous component and is an important risk factor for metastasizing cancer.

The region of the intestinal tract with the poorest coverage of protective mucous, the proximal small intestine, also has the greatest exposed epithelial surface area owing to its prominent villous structure.