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But so were the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Central Africa’s Wadai Empire and the Emirate of Jabal Shammar on the Arabian Peninsula. There were only about 60 countries in the entire world in 1908—60 places you might consider sending an ambassador if you were Washington.

In June 1861 the party landed at Massawa, having instructions to go direct to Khartum and thence to Wadai, where Vogel was thought to be detained.

Among other tribes may be mentioned the Berti and Takruri, the Birgirid, the Beraunas, and immigrants from Wadai and Bagirmi, and Fula from west of Lake Chad.

According to tradition the Tago dynasty was displaced, and Mahommedanism introduced, about the 14th century, by Tunjur Arabs, who reached Darfur by way of Bornu and Wadai.

Under succeeding monarchs the country, involved in wars with Sennar and Wadai, declined in importance.