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The floods have also left people across much of Kinshasa struggling with water shortages, after water treatment pumps in the city were themselves inundated.

It has been more than four years since an explosion at a water treatment plant killed four workers, including a 16-year-old apprentice.

She argued it "would be better spent on upgrading water treatment plants beside watercourse in Wales".

Water treatment plants face rising costs from contaminated runoff, and downstream agricultural lands struggle with sediment-laden irrigation water.

New buildings to be constructed will include the furnace complex, a fume and dust treatment plant and a water treatment facilitiy.