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“As it currently stands, public health no longer exists at the federal level,” Dr. Ryan Marino, an emergency medicine physician at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, told Salon by email.

“Probably the single biggest policy-level change that has benefited addiction treatment has been guaranteeing Medicaid and Medicare coverage for medical treatment of addiction with methadone and buprenorphine,” Dr. Ryan Marino, an emergency medicine physician at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, told Salon.

Devenot completed a postdoctoral fellowship in the department of Bioethics at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and is an affiliate researcher with the Project on Psychedelics Law and Regulation at Harvard Law School’s Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics.

Alex Cuic, an immigration lawyer and professor at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, told the BBC that naturalised US citizens suspected of ties to criminal gangs or terrorist organisations -- such as the Tren de Aragua criminal gang or the Mara Salvatrucha, known as MS-13 - could also, in theory, be stripped of US citizenship.

“The playbook that he and this administration and the party are going with is that they are very much anti-harm reduction,” said Dr. Ryan Marino, an emergency medicine physician at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.