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which
[ wich, hwich ]
pronoun
- what one?:
Which of these do you want? Which do you want?
- whichever; any one that:
Choose which appeals to you.
- (used relatively in restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses to represent a specified antecedent):
The book, which I read last night, was exciting. The socialism which Owen preached was unpalatable to many. The lawyer represented five families, of which the Costello family was the largest.
- (used relatively in restrictive clauses having that as the antecedent):
Damaged goods constituted part of that which was sold at the auction.
- (used after a preposition to represent a specified antecedent):
the horse on which I rode.
- (used relatively to represent a specified or implied antecedent) the one that; a particular one that:
You may choose which you like.
- (used in parenthetic clauses) the thing or fact that:
He hung around for hours and, which was worse, kept me from doing my work.
- Nonstandard. who or whom:
a friend which helped me move; the lawyer which you hired.
adjective
- what one of (a certain number or group mentioned or implied)?:
Which book do you want?
- whichever; any that:
Go which way you please, you'll end up here.
- being previously mentioned:
It stormed all day, during which time the ship broke up.
which
/ ·ÉÉŖ³ŁŹ /
determiner
- used with a noun in requesting that its referent be further specified, identified, or distinguished from the other members of a class
which house did you want to buy?
- ( as pronoun )
which did you find?
- ( used in indirect questions )
I wondered which apples were cheaper
- whatever of a class; whichever
bring which car you want
- ( as pronoun )
choose which of the cars suit you
- used in relative clauses with inanimate antecedents
the house, which is old, is in poor repair
- as; and that: used in relative clauses with verb phrases or sentences as their antecedents
he died of cancer, which is what I predicted
- the which archaic.a longer form of which, often used as a sentence connector
Usage Note
Usage
51³Ō¹Ļ History and Origins
51³Ō¹Ļ History and Origins
Origin of which1
Idioms and Phrases
- every which way
- know which side of bread is buttered
- (which) way the wind blows
Example Sentences
āThe Deal requires more work to ensure all necessary approvals are signed, which is why I am signing an Executive Order to keep TikTok up and running for an additional 75 days.ā
Trump also said that China was ānot very happyā about the steep tariffs he announced this week, which he said were necessary for fair and balanced trade between the two countries.
Supreme Court unanimously upheld the law, which would make it illegal for app stores such as Apple and Google Play to distribute TikTok or issue updates to the social media app.
Sherman shared alarming video from his residential security cameras of his home being burglarized at gunpoint by three men shortly after midnight March 30 ā which happened to be the three-time All-Proās 37th birthday.
The California State Library, which supports local libraries and maintains its own collection, said it was notified this week that a key federal grant supporting programs across the state had been terminated, slashing $3 million of funds that had already been awarded.
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Related 51³Ō¹Ļs
Which Vs. That
Whatās the difference between which and that?
Which and that are used in very similar ways (especially to introduce clauses that refer back to an earlier part), but there is often a key difference.
Before we get into the grammar, letās take a look at two similar sentences, one using that and one using which.
I wrote about my favorite movie that was released in 1994.Ā
I wrote about my favorite movie, which was released in 1994.Ā
Both sentences are about a movie. But thereās a difference in whatās being communicated.
In the first sentence (the one using that), the speaker is indicating that the movie they wrote about is their favorite movie released in 1994ānot necessarily their favorite movie in general.
In the second sentence (the one using which), the speaker is saying that the movie is their favorite in general, while also mentioning that it was released in 1994. In this sentence, you could take away the part that starts with which and the sentence would retain the same basic meaning.
But thatās not true of the first sentenceātaking away that was released in 1994 would alter the meaning of the sentence.
Thatās because that was released in 1994 is whatās called a restrictive clause, which is a part of a sentence that provides essential information about the part before it. A restrictive clause canāt be removed without changing the essential meaning of the sentence.
The second sentence (the one using which), ends in a nonrestrictive clause, which provides nonessential informationāinformation that can be removed without altering the main message of the sentence. Usually, nonrestrictive clauses are marked off by commas (or em dashes). Think of a nonrestrictive clause as an asideāadditional information mentioned along the way.
This grammatical distinction between that and which is largely used in formal American English. In informal speech, it is very common to use that and which interchangeably. And sometimes the difference in what they convey is very subtle or practically nonexistent.
Still, when used in clauses like the ones in our examples, which is usually preceded by a comma, but that is not.
Want to learn more? Read the full breakdown of the difference between which and that.
Quiz yourself on which vs. that!
Should which or that be used in the following sentence?
The cat ____ I saw yesterday has come back.
Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Ā© Random House, Inc. 2023
Idioms from The American HeritageĀ® Idioms Dictionary copyright Ā© 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
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