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Every archaeologist remembers the first time they came to a layer of blackened dirt while excavating.

The city is now a burnt-out shell, with bombed and blackened buildings.

"Without the insects and with burnt, blackened bare ground, they will not have the homes that they've flown here for," he said.

Al-Sanobar, a well-appointed village named after its plentiful pine trees, is a ghost town, with many house fronts blackened with scorch marks.

The exhibition includes a blackened, withered lemon, 110 years old, which formed part of the evidence against Kurt Muller, caught spying for Germany in 1915.