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Finally, the authors produced polycatenanes by adding monomers to the solution of toroids, which seeded the formation of new catenated rings, as had been hoped.

By the greater or less energy of action of the first link with which they are catenated, and from which they take their names; as irritative, sensitive, or voluntary associations.

Catenulate: like catenate; but the links are smaller.

Such also are our complex ideas, they are catenated tribes of ideas, which do not perfectly resemble their correspondent perceptions, because some of the parts are omitted.

This suggested that individual toroids could act as secondary sites from which another ring could grow, thereby forming the catenated dimers.