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Ulster University economist Esmond Birnie has calculated a "direct and narrow" impact of £100m in reduced sales from a 20% tariff.

But Esmond Birnie, senior economist at Ulster University, said a direct link could not be drawn.

But Esmond Birnie, a senior economist at Ulster University, said judging success simply on pragmatic relationships would "set the bar too low".

Fifty-seven of them appeared, called in small groups before Fulton County Superior Court Judge Kimberly Esmond Adams over a three-hour period, and each waived arraignment.

He noted a 2014 report from wildlife conservation researchers Lucy Vigne of Oxford Brookes University and Esmond Bradley Martin, which found that since 2002, sales of mammoth ivory had grown from almost nothing to about 40% of all ivory items sold in Beijing and nearly 70% in Shanghai.