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Evaluating the merits of these awards would require a deep understanding of dozens of scientific fields, from gravitational waves to DNA methylation.

When ProPublica informed Yao her $610,000 project was on the Senate committee’s list, she found it bizarre that such technical work on DNA methylation — a process that can affect cancer and neurological diseases — could be labeled as “woke.”

The researchers found that the mothers with preeclampsia had 389 epigenetic modifications to areas known as DNA methylation regions.

Dr. Esteller explains that the team has obtained "the epigenetic profiles of the most extensive collection of cultured cells derived from transformed cells in the bloodstream, bone marrow, and lymph nodes up to date, examining in them over 800,000 sites of genome modification due to DNA methylation".

When the electrodes are removed, biological material such as RNA and DNA is analysed using advanced techniques like RNA sequencing and DNA methylation analysis.