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Scientists studied hillsides on Siberia’s Taymyr Peninsula, which borders the seas that open north into the Arctic Ocean.

One centres on a big open-cast coal mining project in the Taymyr Peninsula, in the far north of central Siberia.

He said Norilsk Nickel controlled access to the entire Taymyr Peninsula, where the incident happened, hampering investigators looking into pollution from its plants.

In September 2012 an 11-year-old boy on Russia’s Taymyr Peninsula stumbled upon a well-preserved adolescent mammoth, after its limbs were protruding out of thawing ground.

The researchers found the rib bone on a six-week expedition to Russia's Taymyr Peninsula in 2010, the northernmost part of mainland Eurasia.